Green Health & Wellness Ultra-processed foods and adverse health outcomes: other approaches and evidence needed to prove genuine causal effect – GWC Mag gwcmagMarch 27, 2024050 views Marcus Munafò, professor of biological psychology and MRC investigator School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK marcus.munafo{at}bristol.ac.uk The association between consumption of ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes seems to be established.1 As with most observational epidemiology, however, the key question is whether this reflects a causal relation. To do this, we need to go beyond ever larger studies, …